Prof. Dr. João Alziro H. da Jornada

New Perspectives on Materials Science and Innovation in Brazil

Modern society is increasingly demanding efficiency, effective social impact, and transparency in the use of public money. Specifically for S&T, it is expected a strong contribution to innovation- a well recognized factor for generating wealth and public good. Yet, the detailed connection between science, particularly basic research, and innovation is far from clear, especially in Brazil, where a deeper understanding of the problem is frequently lacking by the various key social players involved, including not only policymakers and industry leaders, but also researchers. We will present the connection between Materials Science and Innovation, from perspectives little discussed in Brazil, highlighting the complex mechanisms contributing to generate economic and social impact from basic research. This subject is quite relevant right now in view of the current budgetary restrictions for Science in Brazil, requiring the use of new narratives based on solid and compelling arguments instead of simplistic clichés. It is essential to look for an in-depth understanding of the subject using the very scientific approach that we use in our research work, like respect for evidences, good logic, rigor, critical thinking, open-mindedness, and broad discussion. We need new mindsets and new conceptual frameworks to better understand the problem and to advance a better dialogue with the society. We will see that Materials Science is especially important, not only because the associated knowledge is close to applications, but also because its multidisciplinary nature normally involves a wide range of knowledge, abilities and connections- important factors for an innovative "ecosystem".

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A.L. Yarin

BIO-WASTE-DERIVED NANOFIBERS FORMED BY SOLUTION BLOWING AND THEIR APPLICATIONS AS BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS AND ADSORBENTS FOR HEAVY METALS REMOVAL FROM POLLUTED WATER

Solution blowing of such plant-derived biomaterials as soy protein, zein, lignin, oats, sodium alginate and cellulose acetate, and such animal-derived biomaterials as silk protein (sericin), chitosan and bovine serum albumin, was demonstrated as a versatile, robust and industrially scalable approach to form monolithic and core-shell nanofibers from bio-waste. Mechanical properties of such nanofiber mats were investigated. The collected nanofiber mats were also bonded both chemically (using aldehydes and ionic cross-linkers) and physically (by means of wet and thermal treatment) to increase the tensile strength to widen the range of applications of such green nonwovens. Fluorescent dye Rhodamine B was used as a model hydrophilic drug in controlled release experiments after it had been encapsulated in solution-blown soy protein-containing hydrophilic nanofibers and the release kinetics associated with dye desorption was studied in detail. Also, the antibacterial activity of solution-blown soy protein nanofiber mats decorated with silver nanoparticles was studied. Nanofiber membranes containing such biopolymers as lignin, oats, soy protein, sodium alginate and chitosan were used for heavy metals adsorption from aqueous solutions in equilibrium in the batch experiments, as well as under the throughflow conditions. The results revealed attractive capabilities of these inexpensive nano-textured biopolymer adsorbents formed from waste materials using the process scalable to the industrial level. The results also elucidated the physico-chemical mechanisms of heavy metal adsorption on biopolymers.

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Biography: MSc-1977 (in Applied Physics), PhD (in Physics and Mathematics)-1980, DSc (Habilitation, (in Physics and Mathematics)-1989. Affiliations: Junior&Senior Research Associate at The Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow (1977-1990) [and concurrently Professor at the Dept. of Molecular and Chemical Physics of The Physico-Technical Institute (1985 – 1989) and The Aviation Technology Institute, Moscow, USSR (1988-1990)]; Professor at The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (1990-2006; Eduard Pestel Chair Professor in Mechanical Engineering at The Technion in 1999-2006); Distinguished Professor at The University of Illinois at Chicago, USA (2006-present); Fellow of the Center for Smart Interfaces at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany (2008-2012); Visiting Professor at Korea University (Seoul, S. Korea, 2013-present). Dr. Yarin was a Visiting Professor on sabbatical at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (Chem. Eng. Dept.) in 1996-1997, and at The University of Illinois at Chicago in 2003-2004. Prof. Yarin is the Fellow of the American Physical Society. He is the author of 4 books, 12 book chapters, 300 research papers, and 6 patents. He is one of the three co-Editors of “Springer Handbook of Experimental Fluid Mechanics”, 2007, and the Associate Editor of the journal “Experiments in Fluids”. He is also the Member of the International Editorial Advisory Board of the Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and of the journal “Archives of Mechanics”, as well as the Member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the journal “Electrospinning”. Prof. Yarin was the Fellow of the Rashi Foundation, The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and was awarded Gutwirth Award, Hershel Rich Prize and Prize for Technological Development for Defense against Terror of the American-Technion Society.

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Frederic Guittard

Biomimetic materials for antiwetting properties

Abstract: Superhydrophobicity is characterized by the repellency of water on a surface with an apparent contact angles of water above 150° and various adhesive properties characterized by dynamic contact angle measurements. The potential applications of superhydrophobic materials are extremely wide and include anti-icing coatings, anti-corrosion coatings, anticorrosion coatings, anti-bacteria coatings, textiles, oil/water separation, water purification and desalinization, microfluidic devices, optical devices, batteries, sensors, drug delivery or heterogeneous catalysis. Recent advances in the potential applications of superhydrophobic materials will be carefully described in this presentation and a focus on surfaces built up from electrodeposition of conductive polymers. (see publications and review: www.unice.fr/nice-lab).

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He was Director of the chemistry department from 2004 to 2010 at Nice University. He is authored or co-authored of more than 230 articles, 35 patents, 50 invited conferences and leader on adhesion (or anti-wetting) and surface properties. In 2010 and 2013, he was invited professor in Bristol University (UK), in the Institute of physics (Czech Rep.) in Porto Alegre (Brazil) and the chairman of the international conferences on Biobased and Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry in oct. 2012, 2014 and 2016 (www.nice2016-conference.com). He is now (2017-18) visiting professor to University California Riverside, CA (USA)

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Hans-Joachim Freund

“Models for Heterogeneous Catalysts: Complex Materials at the Atomic Level”

Our understanding of catalysis, and in particular heterogeneous catalysis, is to a large ex-tend based on the investigation of model systems. The enormous success of metal single crystal model surface chemistry, pioneered by physical chemists, is an outstanding example. Increasing the complexity of the models towards supported nanoparticles, resembling a real disperse metal catalyst, allows one to catch in the model some of the important aspects that cannot be covered by single crystals alone. One of the more important aspects is the support particle interface. We have developed strategies to prepare such model systems based on single crystalline oxide films, which are used as supports for metal, and oxide nanoparticles, which may be studied at the atomic level using the tools developed in surface science.
However, those oxide films may also serve as reaction partners themselves, as they are models for SMSI states of metal catalyst. Using such model systems, we are able to study a number of fundamental questions of potential interest, such as reactivity as a function of particle size and structure, influence of support modification, as well as of the environment, i.e. ultra-vacuum or ambient conditions, onto reactivity.
The thin oxide film approach allows us to prepare and study amorphous silica as well as 2D-zeolites. Those systems, in spite of their complexity, do lend themselves to theoretical mod-elling as has been demonstrated.

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Hans-Joachim Freund is a scientific member and director at the Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft in Berlin where he is head of the Department of Chemical Physics. The department is dedicated to the study of model catalysts, applying a large number of techniques and instruments, some of which were newly developed within the department to investigate oxide surfaces and oxide metal interfaces. He serves as Adjunct Professor at five universities in Germany and UK. He received awards in Europe and the US. He is a member of six Academies including the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and holds three honorary Doctorates. He received the Gaede-Langmuir Award of the American Vacuum Society and is the recipient of the 2015 Michel Boudart for the Advancement of Catalysis by the North American Catalysis So-ciety and the European Federation of Catalysis Societies. He is Fellow of the American Physi-cal Society and has published more than 770 scientific papers with about 38000 citations and given close to 745 invited talks. He has held a number of named lectureships around the world. He has educated more than 120 PhD students and collaborated with more than 70 postdoctoral associates.

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Kenneth E. Gonsalves

Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Next Generation Lithography: Novel Patterning Materials-Progress and Challenges

Remarkable progress has been made following Moores’ law, in the miniaturization and performance enhancement of semiconductor devices in the advancement of integrated circuit (IC) technology. This has reduced device sizesby significantly enhancing circuit density, clock rate and transistors switching rate.However, the growth of IC technology faces severe limitations when feature dimensions approach the sub 10 nm nanometer rangedue to the inherent shortcomings of various available nanofabrication techniques.Fornanoscale patterning, deep ultraviolet (DUV), electron beam (e-beam), He-ion beam, 193 nm immersion, X-ray and extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) are current high resolution lithographic techniques.Among these EUVLwhich operates at 13.5 nm wavelength offers a competitive single exposure solution for fabrication at sub 20 nm half pitch. Itis therefore a major contender for the next generation fabrication technology for the sub-10 nm technology node. However, the successful implementation of EUVL requires high end photoresists with superior photo sensitivity, enhanced etch resistance and capability to form collapse-free patterns especially at a high aspect ratio. As the potential of Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is extended beyond the 7 nm range and down to the 3 nm and below, it is abundantly clear that a momentous shift in resist design is paramount. The concepts to be considered, include essentially nonchemically amplified resists (n-CARs) and hybrids, inorganic metal oxides, organometallics and other inorganics. The design paradigm has to incorporate the basic principles of conventional resists superimposed by the specific requirements of EUVL for attaining the lower node.Therefore, considerable attention of semiconductor industry and scientific community has been drawn to the development of suitable resist materials for EUVL technology.However, the design and development of a highly photo-sensitive and etch resistant photoresist with high-resolution collapse-free pattern formation capabilities is a formidable task. This presentation will outline the challenges of materials requirements of novel resists for next generation lithography technology.

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Professor Gonsalves is Distinguished Professor at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, India. Prior to that he was the Celanese Acetate Distinguished Professor of Polymer Materials at the University of North Carolina USA. His research focuses on resist materials for EUV lithography as well for DUV and MUV. In addition projects on polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering are underway. His research has been supported recently by Intel Corp/Semiconductor Research Corp USA, Dow Corp USA, Dept of Science and Technology India and Semiconductor Research Lab India. His projects have global partners in the US, India, Brazil and Europe.

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Kirk S. Schanze

Plenary Lecture

Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) featuring poly(phenylene ethynylene) and poly(thiophene) backbones substituted with ionic solubilizing groups are water soluble. These materials display a variety of interesting properties, including self-assembly into nanoscale aggregates, ability to process into layer-by-layer films and optical/stimuli responsive behaviour in the presence of ions, surfactants and biomacromolecules. We have explored the use of cationic CPEs as fluorescent sensors for polyphosphates (pyrophosphate, ATP and ADP). In addition, cationic CPEs exhibit strong light-activated biocidal activity vs. a broad spectrum of bioagents, including bacteria, virus particles and spores. The talk will overview recent work in this area, including the interaction with cationic CPEs with mammalian cells.

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Kirk Schanze earned his B.S. in Chemistry from Florida State University in 1979 and his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1983. He was appointed a Miller Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1984-1986 and began his independent research career at the University of Florida in 1986. Schanze served as Professor of Chemistry and Chairman of the Organic Chemistry Division at the University of Florida. He was Distinguished Professor and held the Prominski Chair at the University of Florida until 2016. Since then he has held the Robert A Welch Distinguished University Chair at the University of Texas at San Antonio. He served as a Senior Editor for Langmuir from 2000 – 2008 and Editor-in-Chief of ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces since 2008. He has authored or co-authored 300 peer-reviewed articles on basic and applied research topics, with a primary focus on organic and organometallic materials chemistry, and is co- inventor in 20 patents or disclosures.

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Pulickel Ajayan

NanoEngineered Materials: Challenges and Opportunities

Pulickel M. Ajayan
Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering
Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA 77005
Email:ajayan@rice.edu

The past two decades has belonged to truly innovative and amazing discoveries in the area of nanotechnology. Although basic science in the area has progressed significantly, there are still challenges related to engineering and integration of nanomaterials into applications and commercial products. This talk will discuss some of the challenges and opportunities in the field, with particular reference to engineered nanomaterials that include carbon nanotubes, graphene and other two dimensional materials. Our group has made pioneering contributions to this field in relevance to developing these materials for applications such as energy storage and conversion, catalysis, low power devices, coatings and light-weight materials. Several aspects that include synthesis, characterization and modifications will be explored with the objective of achieving functional nanostructures for future technologies.

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Pulickel M. Ajayan has been a pioneer in the area of nanotechnology and was involved in early work in the development of carbon nanotubes. He has published around 800 journal papers, earning more than 65,000 citations with an h-index of 124 (ISI citation data). His work has covered diverse areas of nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanotubes, 2D materials, nanocomposite and energy storage materials. His work in the past two decades has particularly focused on the structure-property correlations in nanomaterials. Presently he is the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson professor of Engineering at Rice University in Houston, Texas and the founding chair of the department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering. He is affiliated with several other universities around the world as visiting professor and has given over three hundred and fifty invited talks at various venues and conferences. He is the recipient of awards such as the Spiers memorial award from the Royal Society of Chemistry (UK), MRS medal, Alexander von Humboldt-Helmoltz senior award, and several endowed lectures. He received Docteur Honoris Causa from the Universite Catholique de of Louvain in 2014. He has also been recognized as distinguished alumni by his Alma Mater Banaras Hindu University and the department of materials science at Northwestern University.

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Susan Trolier-McKinstry

Piezoelectric Films for Microelectromechanical Systems 

Piezoelectric thin films are of increasing interest in low voltage microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting. They also serve as model systems to study fundamental behavior in piezoelectrics. The seminar will discuss how materials are optimized for these applications, as well as examples of the use of piezoelectric films over a wide range of length scales. The key figures of merit for actuators and energy harvesting will be discussed, with emphasis on how to achieve these on practical substrates. For example, control of the domain structure of the ferroelectric material allows the energy harvesting figure of merit for the piezoelectric layer to be increased by factors of 4 – 10. Likewise, control of crystallographic orientation and substrate clamping enables large increases in the figure of merit for actuators. To illustrate the functionality of these films, examples of integration into MEMS structures will also be discussed, including adaptive optics for Xray telescopes, low frequency and non-resonant piezoelectric energy harvesting devices, and piezoelectronic transistors as a potential replacement for CMOS electronics.  

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Susan Trolier-McKinstry is the Steward S. Flaschen Professor of Ceramic Science and Engineering, Professor of Electrical Engineering, and Director of the Nanofabrication facility at the Pennsylvania State University. Her main research interests include thin films for dielectric and piezoelectric applications. She is a fellow of the American Ceramic Society, IEEE, and the Materials Research Society, and an academician of the World Academy of Ceramics. She currently serves as an associate editor for Applied Physics Letters. She is 2017 President of the Materials Research Society; previously she served as president of the IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control Society, as well as Keramos. Twenty people that she has advised/co-advised have gone on to take faculty positions around the world.

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Katsuhiko Ariga

Handling Molecular Machines by our Hands Beyond Nobel Prize and Nanotechnology

We propose a novel methodology “hand-operating nanotechnology” where molecular orientation, organization and even functions in nanometer-scale can be operated by our macroscopic (hand) operation. This concept can be realized at dynamic two-dimensional medium such as thin films at the air-water interface because this medium possess both features of bulk and molecular dimension.

For example, we successfully manipulated molecular machines at the air-water interface upon bulk (10-100 cm size) motion of the entire monolayer and realized “capture and release” of aqueous guest molecules using molecular machine, steroid cyclophane.

In addition, mechanically controlled chiral recognition of amino acid and discrimination of nucleosides by the supramolecular monolayer was successfully demonstrated.

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